The improvement of the science and technology follows birth of children who species intervene in their creation and genesis. The ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION is one of the methods due to birth of these children that cause the creation of chrysalis with transfusion of sperm of husband or an anonymous third party. The position legal of these children is in question. Majority of country specify this position with approval of act. But any act is approved yet in Iran and there are dissensions among jurists that pose necessity of approval´s act. In this article, the position of these children is studied in Iran and another country.

By taking into account the importance of the family and its role in the establishment of human society and the emphasis placed by Islam on its protection and stability, neglecting and failing to deal with the new issues appearing in this filed is unjustifiable. One of these issues is ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION. Which needs to be examined from different angles: legally, morally, psychologically, etc. the right to have children, in cases where the spouses or one of them is infertile, should not be an excuse for ignoring moral principles and for having children through unnatural means or out of wedlock. In the last century vitro fertilization and other ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION techniques were examined by Western scientists in detail. The birth of Louis Brown in 1978 was the positive result of these examinations and researches. In this paper, the Islamic view on ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION, based on Shiite law, from the point of view of legality or illegality, lineage, inheritance and marriage is discussed. This paper highlights different aspects of ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION and clarifies some controversial questions in this respect. The criterion for the legality and illegality of ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION, according to the majority of Islamic jurisits, depend on the existence or nonexistence of a lawful relationship between a man and a woman. A child born from an unmarried couple, or born through ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION enjoys certain rights, such as lineage, inheritance, maintenance, etc.

In order to study efficacy of cervical AI (once and twice INSEMINATIONs) and laparoscopic intrauterine INSEMINATION, in egg recovery rate and fertilization rate, three experiments were done. In each of the 1st and 2nd experiments, 5 moghani ewes were inseminated in the external oss of cervix. Ewes had been synchronized by vaginal sponges and superovulated by injections of 800 or 1200 IU of eCG. INSEMINATION was done at 35-40 hours after sponge removal (the times of experiments and the ewes were different). In the first experiment, every ewe was inseminsted with 0.2 to 0.3 ml of semen diluted by skimed milk and in the second one, every ewe was inseminated with the same volume of semen diluted by tris buffer each contained 200-300´106 live motile sperm cells. The maximum interval between obtaining semen and INSEMINATION was 3 hours. In the first experiment, every ewe was injected 100 IU eCG immidiately after INSEMINATION. In the third experiment 8 Ghezel X Ciucy ewes were synchronized by PGF2a and superovulated by FSH, and divided into two groups. Bothgroups were inseminated by a semen diluted by tris-buffer and contained 100´106 sperm cells/ml. The first group was inseminated cervicaly with 0.3 ml of diluted semen twice, at 42 and 48 h after the last injection of FSH considering heat detection. In the 2nd group, laparoscopic intrauterine INSEMINATION was performed by 0.1 ml of diluted semen into each uterine horn at 44-45 h after the last injection of FSH. In bouth groups, 60 micro gram of GnRH was injected immidiatly after INSEMINATION (in the first group after the first INSEMINATION). Laparotomy was performed on all of the ewes 6 day after INSEMINATION, and uterine horns were flushed for recovery of the embryos. In the first experiment, 13 eggs were recovered from 23 ovulations (recovery rate=57%), of the 7 were fertilized (54%). In the 2nd experiment, 11 eggs were recovered in 35 ovulations (31% recovery rate) and even one egg was not fertilized (0% fertilization rate). In the first group among the 3rd experiment (twice cervical INSEMINATIONs), 23 eggs were recovered from 41 ovulations (58% recovery rate) in which 14 were fertilized (65% fertilization rate) and 10 were suitable for embryo transfer. In the 2nd group of this experiment (laparoscopic INSEMINATION), 18 eggs were recovered from 23 ovulations (78% recovery rate) and all were fertilized (100%) in which 11 were suitable for embryo transfer. In conclusion these experiments indicate that cervical INSEMINATION may not be a suitable method in supervuiated ewes. In contrast, intrauterine INSEMINATION by laparoscopy is an effective method and even in comparision with twice cervical INSEMINATIONs, it is significantly more effective. Correlation rate (Chooprov index) between INSEMINATION method and fertilization rate in the 3rd experiment was 47%.

in the law of embryos donation that was approved for ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION or treatment of infertile couples, the legitimacy of fertility was subjected to observance of the Islamic criteria of ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION without clearing and specifying them. with due attention that the ARTIFICIAL inseminators are physicians and not specialist of Islamic law, it is necessary that the lawmaker revised the law and Select a method that is in accordance with Islamic prerequisite criteria and also determine the Islamic criteria of ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION accurately which the most important of them are the sanctity of receiving woman’s uterus, the observance of Iddah during the pregnancy and the necessity of perseverance the child's parentage that shaping his or her identity.

With the advancement of medical knowledge and the possibility of infertility treatment through medical sciences, different and complex issues and questions have been alleged in the moral, lawful, social and religious areas. They should be answered by jurisconsults and lawyers and sociology scientists to provide suitable background for codifying comprehensive rules. One of the lawful effects of child birth by ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION is inheritance between child and sperm owners. There are many questions in this regard as follows: In ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION with husband s' sperm or sperm of an alien who become relatives? And between the child and which person to be established an inheritance relation? What is the inheritance status of child whose semen coagulated after the death of owner's sperm? Is there any similarity between inheritance of this embryos and ones who born naturally? And etc. The authors explain mentioned questions and indicate there would be inheritance relation based on genealogy relationship.

There are so much discussable issues about legal statues of the kids born of ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION. This is while the only law that had been set about this issue is "the ways of presenting Fetus to the infertile couple law" that had been conducted in 5 articles and had left so many unanswered questions in this subject. One of the legal considered subjects about these kids is their nationality. There isn't any special passed law by the lawmaker and these kids’ nationality should be determined based on the public regulations. By exerting the public rules of nationality in some cases there might be some differences in kid’s nationality with the recipient couples. This difference makes troubles for the community, kid and the recipient couple. Eventually it is recommended considering the states freedom in determining their subjects; Iran’s law maker gives these kids Iranian nationality.

Along with modern medical advances encouraging the infertile couples for childbearing, there have been many legal concerns, where arriving at legitimate solutions requires to integrate of medical and legal perspectives; therefore, the establishment of a specialist filed such as medical law turns out to be inevitable.The ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION after the death of the owner of the sperm (i.e. the father) provides a significant challenge, and poses conflicts as to the lineage of the newborn, obtaining an identity card, as well as its inheritance.The present article intends to investigate the inheritance of IVF newborns, after the death of the owner of the sperm (i.e. the father); also, it intends to legitimize generalities and reasons for the naturally conceived baby by distinguishing between an IVF fetus and a naturally conceived fetus.The authors believe that the IVF baby born after the death of the owner of the sperm is commonly considered the child of the deceased father, and there is no jurisprudential barrier for its inheriting from the father. Therefore, such a newborn will inherit from the father.

Infertility in the world today is no longer an inescapable problem, and doctors have been able to solve the problem of infertile treatment in a coherent way. The birth of children by ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION is in the following ways: 1) INSEMINATION by husband’ s sperm with egg inside the uterus or out of it for fertilization, and 2) Inoculation by another sperm (stranger-donor) inside or outside the uterus. In the case of the guardianship of such a child, in the first place, the Islamic scholars (Faghi) do not have a particular problem with such insinuation, and share the same belief that both the natural parents have the guardianship of the child. The main issue is when donor sperm-other than the husband’ s sperm-is used. Most jurists consider such an INSEMINATION and the born child as unlawful; it is only considered as related to man and woman when they are ignorant to inoculation. In the legal context the guardianship in light of the sperm fertilization with the wife, whether inside the uterus or outside belongs to both of them. In case of fertilization with donor sperm apart from the husband’ s, in the case of ignorance to the child, the guardianship belongs to both of them. However in case of knowledge, and from the jurisprudence point of view the born child is considered as suspicious and adultery case. However, it seems that in light of the legal developments in the modern world, the child can be joined to the parents with respect to the international conventions in the domestic law of the countries. But in our domestic law and according to the jurisprudential principles, the guardianship belongs to the genuine father and the mother of the child. And only under certain conditions other individuals can be given the right to meet or have the guardianship of these children. The present research has been done in a descriptive-analytical method.

During a period of ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION in cattle in several farms around Tehran, Iran, the animals were involved with endometritis and abortion. In order to investigate the cause, bacterial culture was done on 23 samples of ARTIFICIAL prepared semen. Haemophilus sp. was isolated from 20 out of 23 samples and the findings were confirmed through serologic tests. Biochemical tests were also set up to diagnose the strain of the bacteria. These tests revealed the presence of H. somnus in the ARTIFICIALly prepared semem. This species was never before reported in Iran, in genital tract of cattle (male and female) nor H. agni in sheep. Attempts to culture this bacteria from genital tract has not been very successful because of cultural difficulties. This was the first diagnosis of H. somnus in this country and helped the practitioners to be aware of the possible problems in running the ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION procedure from infected semen.